How to add element to array in php?

Question: How to add element to array?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three'); 
print_r($arrayData);
/*
 Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three ) 
 */
$arrayData['4']='four';


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [4] => four ) 
 * 
 */

Question: How to add multiple element in array?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three'); 
print_r($arrayData);
/*
 Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three ) 
 */
$arrayData['4']='four';
$arrayData['5']='five';


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [4] => four [5] => five ) 
 * 
 */

Question: How to replace multiple array element with single array?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three',4=>'four',5=>'five',6=>'six'); 
print_r($arrayData); echo "
";
/*
 * Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [4] => four [5] => five [6] => six ) 
 */
array_splice($arrayData, 1,2,array('r'=>'replaced'));


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => one [1] => replaced [2] => four [3] => five [4] => six ) 
 * 
 */

Question: How to add element to an begining of array?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three'); 
print_r($arrayData);
/*
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three )  
 */
array_unshift($arrayData, "four", "five");


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => four [1] => five [2] => one [3] => two [4] => three ) 
 * 
 */

Question: How to add elements at the end of array?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three'); 
print_r($arrayData);
/*
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three )  
 */
array_push($arrayData, "four", "five");


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => four [1] => five [2] => one [3] => two [4] => three ) 
 * 
 */

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48. stat Gives information about a file - PHP.
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50. intval - Get Integer value from string in PHP.
51. register_shutdown_function.
52. setcookie - Store Cookie in Browser with PHP.
53. header_remove - Remove the Header.
54. proc_open provides a much greater degree of control over the program execution.
55. ucwords - Uppercase the first character of each word in a string.
56. getimagesize -Get the size of an image - PHP.
57. phpinfo - Outputs information about PHP's configuration.
58. spl_autoload_register.
59. json_encode - Returns the JSON representation of a value.
60. mcrypt_decrypt - Decrypts crypttext with given parameters.
61. PHP Magic Methods with Examples.

How to delete an array elements?

Question: How to delete an array element based on key?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three',4=>'four',5=>'five',6=>'six'); 
print_r($arrayData); echo "
";
/*
 * Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [4] => four [5] => five [6] => six ) 
 */
unset($arrayData[4]);


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [5] => five [6] => six ) 
 * 
 */

Question: How to delete multiple array element?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three',4=>'four',5=>'five',6=>'six'); 
print_r($arrayData); echo "
";
/*
 * Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [4] => four [5] => five [6] => six ) 
 */
array_splice($arrayData, 1,2);


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => one [1] => four [2] => five [3] => six ) 
 * 
 */

Question: How to replace multiple array element with single array?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three',4=>'four',5=>'five',6=>'six'); 
print_r($arrayData); echo "
";
/*
 * Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [4] => four [5] => five [6] => six ) 
 */
array_splice($arrayData, 1,2,array('r'=>'replaced'));


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => one [1] => replaced [2] => four [3] => five [4] => six ) 
 * 
 */

Question: How to delete First element of an array?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three',4=>'four',5=>'five',6=>'six'); 
print_r($arrayData); echo "
";
/*
 * Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [4] => four [5] => five [6] => six ) 
 */
array_shift($arrayData);


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => two [1] => three [2] => four [3] => five [4] => six ) 
 * 
 */

Question: How to delete Last element of an array?

$arrayData = array(0=>'one',1=>'two',3=>'three',4=>'four',5=>'five',6=>'six'); 
print_r($arrayData); echo "
";
/*
 * Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [4] => four [5] => five [6] => six ) 
 */
array_pop($arrayData);


print_r($arrayData);
/**
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [3] => three [4] => four [5] => five ) 
 * 
 */

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How to convert a negative number to positive Number in PHP

Question: How to convert a negative number to positive Number in PHP?

$converToPostive= abs(-10.2); // 10.2 
$converToPostive=abs(10.2);   //10.2

(If number is already POSITIVE, It will remain the POSITIVE)


Question: How to convert a Positive Number to Negative Number in PHP?

$converToNegative =-1 * abs(10.2); //-10.2
$converToNegative =-1 * abs(-10.2); //-10.2

(If number is already NEGATIVE, It will remain the NEGATIVE)


Question: How to convert a negative number to positive Number and Vice Versa?

echo -1 * -10.2 //10.2
echo -1 * 10.2; //-10.2

(If number is NEGATIVE then convert to POSITIVE else if number is POSITIVE then convert to NEGATIVE)


Question: How to remove the decimal part from number?

$no=10.2
$noArray = explode('.',$no);
$no=$noArray[0]; //10

$no=-10.2;
$noArray = explode('.',$no);
echo $no=$noArray[0]; //-10

(just Remove the decimal part)


Question: How to get next highest integer value by rounding up?

echo ceil(10.2);    // 11
echo ceil(10.2222);  // 11
echo ceil(-10.22);  // -10

(Remove the decimal part and get next Highest Integer number)


Question: How to get next lowest integer value by rounding down?

echo floor(10.2);    // 11
echo floor(10.2222);  // 11
echo floor(-10.22);  // -10

(Remove the decimal part and get next lowest Integer number)


Question: How to rounding off a number?

echo round(10.4);  // 10
echo round(10.5);  // -11
echo round(10.6);  // -12

(Just rounding off the number)

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PHP 7 new features

Following are PHP 7 new features

1. Scalar type declarations: In this we can declare what type of argument will be accepted by functions.
   

   function sumOfInts(int ...$all_ints){ /** It will accept only integers **/
       return array_sum($all_ints);
   }
   echo sumOfInts(2, 3); //5
   echo sumOfInts(2, '3', '5'); //10
   echo sumOfInts(2, '3', 'string'); //Error: Uncaught TypeError: Argument 3 passed to sumOfInts() must be of the type integer, string given
   

2. Return type declarations : In this we can declare what what will be the datatype from functions.

   function sumOfInts(int ...$all_ints):int
   {
       return array_sum($all_ints);
   }
   echo sumOfInts(2, 3); //5
   echo sumOfInts(2, '3', '5'); //10
   

   Here if function "sumOfInts" return an string OR Array, it will give error.
3. Null coalescing operator (??) have been added.

   $userId = $_GET['user_id'] ?? '0';

   is equivalent to
   

   $userId = isset($_GET['user_id']) ? $_GET['user_id'] : '0';

4. Spaceship operator :The spaceship operator is used for comparing two expressions. It returns -1, 0 or 1

   echo 1 <=> 1; // 0
   echo 1 <=> 2; // -1
   echo 2 <=> 1; // 1
   

5. define() updates: Now you can add array.

   define('CLIENTS', [
       'client 1',
       'client 2',
       'client 3'
   ]);
   
   echo CLIENTS[1];//client 2
   

6. Unicode codepoint escape syntax

   echo "\u{aa}";
   echo "\u{9999}";

7. Closure::call Temporarily binding an object scope to a closure and invoking it.

   class A {private $x = 1;}
   $getX = function() {return $this->x;};
   echo $getX->call(new A);

8. unserialize updates: Provide better security when unserializing objects on untrusted data and prevents possible code injections by enabling the developer to whitelist classes that can be unserialized.

   $data = unserialize($searilizedData, ["allowed_classes" => ["MyClass", "MyClass2"]]);

9. list() function updates: Now list() can unpack the object also. Earlier it unpack int, float, string and array only.
10. session_start() function updates:
    Now you can pass array-options in this function. For Example:

    session_start([
        'cache_limiter' => 'private',
        'read_and_close' => true,
    ]);

11. intdiv() new function It performs an integer division of its operands and returns it. For Example:

    echo intdiv(100, 3); //33

12. use updations Classes, functions and constants being imported from the same namespace can now be grouped together in a single use statement Below both are Same.

    use some\namespace\ClassA;
    use some\namespace\ClassB;
    use some\namespace\ClassC as C;

    OR

    use some\namespace\{ClassA, ClassB, ClassC as C};

13. CSPRNG Functions i.e. random_bytes() and random_int()

    $bytes = random_bytes(5);
    var_dump(bin2hex($bytes)); //string(10) "385e33f741"
    var_dump(random_int(1, 100));//1-100

14. Generator delegation: Generators can now delegate to another generator using yield, Traversable object/array automatically.

    function func1()
    {
        yield 1;
        yield 2;
        yield from func2();
    }
    
    function func2()
    {
        yield 3;
        yield 4;
    }
    
    foreach (func1() as $val)
    {
        echo $val, PHP_EOL;
    }
    /** Output 
    1
    2
    3
    4
    Output **/
    

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What is session_set_cookie_params

void session_set_cookie_params ( int $lifetime [, string $path [, string $domain [, bool $secure = false [, bool $httponly = false ]]]] )

Set the session cookie parameters

Its parameters defined in the php.ini file. The effect of this function only lasts for the duration of the script. Thus, you need to call session_set_cookie_params() for every request and before session_start() is called.

Following are Parameters

1. lifetime: Lifetime of the session cookie, defined in seconds.
2. path: Path on the domain where the cookie will work. Use a single slash ('/') for all paths on the domain.
3. domain: Cookie domain, for example www.example.com. To make cookies visible on all subdomains then the domain must be prefixed with a dot like '.example.com'.
4. secure If TRUE cookie will only be sent over secure connections.
5. httponly: If set to TRUE then PHP will attempt to send the httponly flag when setting the session cookie.

 
session_set_cookie_params(0,"/webapp/");
session_start();

5.2.0 The httponly parameter was added. 4.0.4 The secure parameter was added.

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45. intval - Get Integer value from string in PHP.
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