Showing posts with label AWS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label AWS. Show all posts

Sunday 31 May 2020

AWS Elastic Beanstalk Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Elastic Beanstalk Interview Questions and Answers


Question: What is Elastic Beanstalk in AWS?
AWS Elastic Beanstalk is End-to-end web application management.


Question: Can we use Elastic beanstalk to deploy the web application which is made in Node OR PHP?
Yes, AWS Elastic Beanstalk is service for deploying and scaling web applications and services developed with Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go, and Docker on familiar servers such as Apache, Nginx, Passenger, and IIS.


Question: How does works Elastic Beanstalk?
You simply upload your code and Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment, from capacity provisioning, load balancing, and automatic scaling to web application health monitoring, with ongoing fully managed patch and security updates.


What are Benefits and features of Elastic Beanstalk?
  1. Easy to get started
    Elastic Beanstalk is the simplest way to deploy and run your web application on AWS.
  2. Complete resource control
    You have the freedom to select the AWS resources, such as Amazon EC2 instance types, that are optimal for your web application.
  3. Fully managed: update your web application with the latest platform security and patch updates.
  4. Automatic application health monitoring
    Elastic Beanstalk automatically collects more than 40 key metrics and attributes to determine the health of your web application



Question: What Language Supported by Elastic Beanstalk
  1. Go
  2. Java SE
  3. Java with Tomcat
  4. NET on Windows Server with IIS
  5. Node.js
  6. PHP
  7. Python
  8. Ruby
  9. Packer Builder



Question: How is AWS CloudFormation different from AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
AWS CloudFormation helps you provision and describe all of the infrastructure resources that are present in your cloud environment. On the other hand, AWS Elastic Beanstalk provides an environment that makes it easy to deploy and run applications in the cloud.
AWS CloudFormation supports the infrastructure needs of various types of applications, like legacy applications and existing enterprise applications. On the other hand, AWS Elastic Beanstalk is combined with the developer tools to help you manage the lifecycle of your applications.



Question: Who should use AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
Those who want to deploy and manage their applications within minutes in the AWS Cloud. You don’t need experience with cloud computing to get started. AWS Elastic Beanstalk supports Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go, and Docker web applications.




Wednesday 10 July 2019

How to upload very large file in S3 using PHP?

How to upload very large file in S3 using PHP?

Step 1: Install AWS S3 Library (If not installed)


composer require aws/aws-sdk-php


Step 2: Get Access key/Secret Access Key (If you have not)


  1. Open the IAM console (https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/home?#home).
  2. From the navigation menu, click Users.
  3. Select your IAM user name.
  4. Click User Actions, and then click Manage Access Keys.
  5. Click Create Access Key.
  6. Your keys will look something like this:
    Access key ID example: AKARUNKODNN7EXAMPLE Secret access key example: wJaXUtFDADnFEMI/K7MDDEG/bPxRfiDDDEXAMPLEKEY


Step 3:Upload the files


require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use Aws\Common\Exception\MultipartUploadException;
use Aws\S3\MultipartUploader;
use Aws\S3\S3Client;
$myAwsKey='AWS_ACCESS_KEY';
myAwsSecretKey='AWS_SECRET_KEY';
 
$s3Media='s3-bucket-name';
$s3FileName='filename.mp4';

//Init S3 Object
try {
    $s3 = new S3Client([
        'version' => 'latest',
        'region'  => 'us-east-1',
        'credentials' => [
            'key'    => $myAwsKey,
            'secret' => $myAwsSecretKey,
        ]                
    ]);
} catch (MultipartUploadException $e) {
        echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
        die;
} 

//Start uploading
try{
    $uploader = new MultipartUploader($s3, $staticFilePath.'/GM-hKStd-1211-28453_720p.mp4', 
        array(
        'bucket' => $s3Media,
        'key'    => $s3FileName,
        'ACL'    => 'public-read',
    )
    );                
}  catch (Exception $e){
    pr($e->getMessage());
}


// Perform the upload.
try {
    $result = $uploader->upload();
    //It will give you complete path of S3 URL
    echo "Upload complete: {$result['ObjectURL']}" . PHP_EOL;
} catch (MultipartUploadException $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
}



Tuesday 19 March 2019

AWS Rekognition for beginners

aws rekognition for beginners

Question: What is Amazon Rekognition?
Amazon Rekognition makes it easy to add image/video analysis to your applications.


Question: What different data we can get from Rekognition?
--Detect Objects and scenes that appear in photo/video.
--Face-based user verification.
--Detect Sentiment such as happy, sad, or surprise
--Unsafe Content Detection
--Celebrity recognition
--Text detection
--Rekognition can work on millions of photo.


Question: Give simplest example of working of Rekognition.
Each time a person arrives at your home, your door camera can upload a photo of the visitor to Amazon S3,
triggering a Lambda function that uses Rekognition API operations to identify your guest, and display the data on screen/mobile.



Question: Give some use case for Rekognition?
--Searchable image and video libraries
--Face-based user verification App
--Get the Sentiment and demographic analysis
--Detect the Unsafe Content Detection from photo/video
--Detect the Celebrity recognition
--Get the Text detection From photo/video


Question: What we can get from Rekognition for photos?
--Label detection
--Face detection and comparison
--Celebrity recognition
--Image moderation
--Text in image detection


Question: What we can get from Rekognition for videos?
--Labels
--Faces
--People
--Celebrities
--Suggestive and explicit adult content


Question: Recommendations for Stored and Streaming video?
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/rekognition/latest/dg/recommendations-camera-stored-streaming-video.html


Question: Give useful links for rekognition?

Get understanding
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/rekognition/latest/dg/what-is.html

Run sample code online (Require login)
https://ap-south-1.console.aws.amazon.com/rekognition/home?region=ap-south-1#/label-detection

API Docs
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-sdk-php/v3/api/api-rekognition-2016-06-27.html


Question: What are different type of commands detection for videos.
Labels - StartLabelDetection - GetLabelDetection
People - StartPersonTracking - GetPersonTracking
Faces - StartFaceDetection - GetFaceDetection
Celebrities - StartCelebrityRecognition - GetCelebrityRecognition
Detect adult content - StartContentModeration-GetContentModeration




Question: What are different limitation by video Rekognition?
Video must be available in S3
Video must be H.264 codec.
File format must be MPEG-4 and MOV
Max filesize is 8GB


Monday 20 August 2018

How to Setup Password Authentication For AWS ec2 Instances

How to Setup Password Authentication For AWS ec2 Instances

Set the password for root user

  1. Login to SSH using  .pem file
  2. Change user as root user.
    sudo su
  3. Go to ssh config file
    vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  4. Change the following var in ssh config
    PasswordAuthentication yes
    PermitRootLogin yes
  5. Change the Root password
    passwd root

    It will prompt the password, you need to provide the password two time.
  6. ReStart the server
    service sshd restart

Now, you can login to EC2 instance with password .

Note: we have set the password for root user not for ec2-user


Thursday 2 August 2018

AWS interview questions and answers for 2 year experienced

AWS interview questions and answers for 2 year experienced

Question: Difference between dedicated instance and dedicated host?
Dedicated Instances are EC2 instances that run in a VPC on hardware that's dedicated to a single customer and are physically isolated other AWS accounts. When you reboot the dedicated instance, you will get instance in same VPC but not the same instance.

Dedicated instance may share hardware with other instance of same account.

Dedicated Host gives you additional visibility and control over how instances are placed on a physical server, and you can consistently deploy your instances to the same physical server over time. When you reboot the dedicated host, you will get instance same instance in same VPC.


Question: What is a Load Balancer?
A Load Balancer is a device that distributes network or application traffic across a cluster of servers.



Question: What are different type Load Balancer?
  1. Application Load Balancer: An Application Load Balancer makes routing decisions at the application layer (HTTP/HTTPS), supports path-based routing.
  2. Network Load Balancer: A Network Load Balancer makes routing decisions at the transport layer (TCP/SSL). It can handle millions of requests per second. After the load balancer receives a connection, it selects a target from the target group for the default rule using a flow hash routing algorithm.
  3. Classic Load Balancer: A Classic Load Balancer makes routing decisions at either the transport layer (TCP/SSL) or the application layer (HTTP/HTTPS)



Question: From where we can access Elastic Load Balancing?
  1. AWS console
  2. AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)
  3. AWS SDK
  4. Query API



Question:How does Elastic Load Balancing Works?
A load balancer accepts incoming traffic from clients and routes request to EC2 in one or more Availability Zones.

It also monitor the health of Ec2 instance and route only to the healthy instance.
You can configure one or more listener with using port and protocol, listener check for connection request.



Question: What are different type of database in AWS?
  1. RDS
    1. SQL
    2. MySQL
    3. PostgreSQL
    4. Orcle
    5. Aurora
    6. MariaDB
  2. DynamoDB
  3. Redshift



Question: what is Lightsail?
Lightsail is easiest way to launch and manage a virtual private server with AWS.
Lightsail plans include everything you need to jumpstart your project – a virtual machine, SSD-based storage, data transfer, DNS management, and a static IP – for a low, predictable price.


Question: What are Placement Groups?
Placement Groups are logical groupings of instances in the selected AWS region.
Used for launching cluster compute instance types. ( e.g. cc2.8xlarge) Cluster Compute Instances provide a large amount of CPU.


Question: What is Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration?
Amazon S3 Transfer acceleration enables fast, easy, and secure transfers of files over long distances between your location and an S3 bucket location.
Steps to upload
  1. Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration for bucket
  2. Now you have separate URL for upload, at same page
  3. When you upload the files at nearest location, it will auto sync to bucket and disturibute to other location.



Question: When Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration is beneficial?
When your location and your bucket location is too far.
For example:
You are mumbai region and bucket is in US east, in such type of case we can use it will upload files faster.


Question:Does Elastic load balancer have public IPV4 Address?
No, load balancer does not have public IPV4 address.


Question: What is Amazon RDS Multi-AZ?
Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments provide enhanced availability and durability for Database Instances, making them a workable for production database workloads.


Question: How does Amazon RDS Multi-AZ?
In case of Multi-AZ DB Instance, Amazon RDS automatically creates a primary DB Instance and synchronously replicates the data in a different Availability Zone.
Each instance runs on its own physically distinct, independent infrastructure, and is engineered to be highly reliable.
In case of multi az, there is always single endpoint for db connections.


Question: What is Amazon RDS Read Replicas?
Read Replicas makes it easy to elastically scale out beyond the capacity of a single DB instance for read-heavy database workloads.


Question: What is the difference between the Multi-AZ deployment and Read Replica in AWS RDS?
Multi-AZ offer where you get standby replica of your RDS in a different Availability Zone which will substitute automatically your primary database in case of its maintenance, failure or AZ failure.
You can't access individual instance, only primary database can access.(But in case of failure, you can access individual instance)

In case of RDS Read Replicas, we can access individual instance. In case of failure, you can make other read replica as primary.


Question: What is Amazon DynamoDB?
Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that supports key-value and document data structures as part of the Amazon Web Services.


Use Cases
  1. Serverleas web application
  2. Microservices data store
  3. Mobile backends



Question: What is Instance Store volume?
An instance store is a temporary storage type located on disks that are physically attached to a host machine.

In this type storage, the data is not persistently stored. Once an instance is terminated or stopped, all of its data is lost.
Instance store volumes are ideal for temporary backup, and for storing an application’s cache, logs.




Question: What are different types of Instance Store Volume Types
  1. Ephemeral
  2. Non-Volatile Memory
  3. TRIM



Question: What are difference Instance Store-Backed vs AWS EBS-Backed?
instance store-backed volumes are a good option when you need storage with very low latency.
When we Instance store devices, stop or terminate an instance, every block of storage in the instance store is reset.



Question: What are limitations of Instance Store Volumes?
  1. Support C3, G2, HI1, I2, I3, M3, R3, and X1 instance families
  2. Data in the instance store can be lost if the underlying disk drive fails.
  3. Instance store devices have only root volume, which can’t be extended
  4. It's not possible to resize instance-backed root volumes on the fly
  5. Taking a snapshot or AMI of an instance store volume is not as straightforward as taking snapshot of EBS volume.


Wednesday 25 July 2018

AWS interview questions and answers for 1 year experienced

AWS interview questions and answers for 1 year experienced

Question: What is the difference between Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2 instance?
Amazon S3: It is just storage service where you can upload photo, video, audio, pdf etc any type of files upto 5 terabytes (5Tb).
It store data as a object, you can't install any software like MS office, VLC player, Adobe etc.

You can import/export data from/to S3 and also can access via cloudfront.

EC2 instance: Launching a EC2 instance is similar a create virtual computer (windows, linux) where you can install software unlike S3. You can customize the configuration like volume(storage), RAM, CPU etc.


Question: How to copy files from one bucket to another?
  1. Login to SSH using ip address and ppk file.
  2. Make sure, it have AWS S3 access privilege
  3. Now just execute following command
    aws s3 sync s3://source-bucket s3://destination-bucket --exclude *.tmp
    



Question: Can we change the availability zone of an existing EC2 t1.micro instance?
No, you can not do.
for this, you need to launch new instance from existing instance.



Question: What is Availability Zones?
Amazon EC2 is hosted in world-wide.
These locations are composed of regions and Availability Zones.
Each region has multiple, isolated locations known as Availability Zones.


Question: How to move files directly from one S3 account to another?
Bucket Explorer works on Mac
S3 Browser works on windows.



Question: AWS Difference between a snapshot and AMI?
A snapshot is of an EBS volume where you save at a certain point of time.
An AMI is similar, but its for the EC2 instances themselves. you can create a AMI but can't do snapshot.


Question: What is the maximum length of a filename in S3?
1024 characters.



Question: How to move a domain from Godaddy to AWS Route 53? =>Login on your aws console
=>Click on Route 53
=>Create Hosted Zone
=>Select your new created host title
=>click "Go to Record Sets", take note of the nameservers;

=>Login on your Godaddy account
=>Select your domain
=>Go to Nameservers and click SetNameservers;
=>paste all the four you took from Go to Record Sets;


Question: How to transfer files between from AWS ec2 to S3
aws s3 cp myfolder s3://mybucket/myfolder --recursive



Question: How to transfer files between from S3 to EC2
aws s3 cp s3://mybucket/myfolder myfolder  --recursive



Question: Question: What is private hosted zone?
A private hosted zone is a container that holds information about how you want Amazon Route 53 to respond to DNS queries for a domain



Question: What is the AWS Storage Gateway service?
The AWS Storage Gateway service enables hybrid storage between on-premises environments and the AWS Cloud.


Tuesday 24 July 2018

AWS Interview Questions and Answers

AWS interview questions and answers

Question: What are different http status code?
    [100] => Continue
    [101] => Switching Protocols
    [200] => OK
    [201] => Created
    [202] => Accepted
    [203] => Non-Authoritative Information
    [204] => No Content
    [205] => Reset Content
    [206] => Partial Content
    [300] => Multiple Choices
    [301] => Moved Permanently
    [302] => Found
    [303] => See Other
    [304] => Not Modified
    [305] => Use Proxy
    [307] => Temporary Redirect
    [400] => Bad Request
    [401] => Unauthorized
    [402] => Payment Required
    [403] => Forbidden
    [404] => Not Found
    [405] => Method Not Allowed
    [406] => Not Acceptable
    [407] => Proxy Authentication Required
    [408] => Request Timeout
    [409] => Conflict
    [410] => Gone
    [411] => Length Required
    [412] => Precondition Failed
    [413] => Request Entity Too Large
    [414] => Request-URI Too Long
    [415] => Unsupported Media Type
    [416] => Requested Range Not Satisfiable
    [417] => Expectation Failed
    [500] => Internal Server Error
    [501] => Not Implemented
    [502] => Bad Gateway
    [503] => Service Unavailable
    [504] => Gateway Timeout
    [505] => HTTP Version Not Supported
    [509] => Bandwidth Limit Exceeded



Question: How to safely upgrade an Amazon EC2 instance from t1.micro to large?
Create a snapshot of your current image
Once snopshot done, then new to launch new instance.
Simply launch it as a large instance at that point.



Question: How to get the instance id from within an ec2 instance?
Login to EC2,and execute following command
wget -q -O - http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id



Question: How to setup up FTP on Amazon Cloud Server?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7052875/setting-up-ftp-on-amazon-cloud-server



Question: What data is stored in Ephemeral Storage of Amazon EC2 instance?
When you mount your EBS volume at /myNewWebsite, then anything not in /myNewWebsite will be lost.


Question: Difference between EC2 and Elastic Beanstalk?
EC2
EC2 service that allows you to create a Ec2 instance in the AWS. You pay by the hour. you can create n instance and do the setting for each instance.

Elastic Beanstalk
Elastic Beanstalk is one layer of abstraction away from the EC2 layer.
In Beanstalk will setup an "environment" for you that can contain a number of EC2 instances, an optional database, as well as a few other AWS components such as a Elastic Load Balancer, Auto-Scaling Group, Security Group etc.



Question: What is difference between Lightsail and EC2?
EC2
EC2 service that allows you to create a Ec2 instance in the AWS. You pay by the hour. you can create n instance and do the setting for each instance.

Lightsail
Lightsail is designed to be the easiest way to launch and manage a virtual private server with AWS.
Lightsail plans include everything you need to start for your project – a virtual machine, SSD-based storage, data transfer, DNS management, and a static IP – for a low, predictable price.



Question: How to make clone of EC2?
You make an AMI of an existing instance, and then launch other instances using that AMI.



Question: .htaccess not working apache with my EC2 instance?
  1. Login to SSH
  2. Configure Apache mod_rewrite a2enmod rewrite
  3. add the following code to /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
    AllowOverride All
  4. Restart apache
    /etc/init.d/apache2 restart



Question: What happens when I reboot an EC2 instance?
Its similar as we reboot the system. None of data is deleted.
As per cost, no change in cost as they start charging when start instance and stop when terminate the instance.



Question: What is difference between Fixed Performance / Burstable Performance Instances?
AWS EC2 has 2 different type of instances: Fixed Performance Instances(for example M3, C3 etc) and Burstable Performance Instances (For example T2).

Fixed Performance Instances provides a consistent CPU performance whereas Burstable Performance Instances provide a baseline CPU performance under normal workload and when the workload increase on server then increase the CPU performance.



Question: What is CPU Credit?
CPU Credit regulates the amount of "CPU performance" can be increased under workload.
You can spend this CPU Credit to increase the CPU performance during the Burst period.
100% of CPU performance for 5 minutes, you will spend 5(i.e. 5*1.0) CPU Credit.


Question: What is CPU Credit Balance?
is simply the amount of CPU Credit available in your account at any moment.


Wednesday 18 July 2018

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 8

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 8

Question: What is Amazon Resource Names (ARNs)?
Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) uniquely identify AWS resources across all of AWS resources, such as in IAM policies, Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) tags.


Question: Give few sample of ARN Format?

arn:aws:elasticbeanstalk:us-east-1:123456789012:environment/My App/MyEnvironment


arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/David


arn:aws:rds:eu-west-1:123456789012:db:mysql-db


arn:aws:s3:::my_corporate_bucket/exampleobject.png



Question: Explain syntax of ARN Format?
arn:partition:service:region:account-id:resource

arn:It is static
partition: Standard AWS regions the partition is aws.
service: The service namespace that identifies the AWS product like Amazon S3, IAM, or Amazon RDS.
region: Region of the service like west-1, west-2,
account: Account id from where its generated.
resource: The content of this part of the ARN varies by service. It often includes an indicator of the type of resource.



Question: What is Elastic ip address?
An Elastic IP address is a static IPv4 address designed for dynamic cloud computing.
An Elastic IP address is associated with your AWS account.


Question: What is public hosted zone?
A public hosted zone is a container that holds information about how you want to route traffic on the internet for a domain, such as example.com


Question: What is private hosted zone?
A private hosted zone is a container that holds information about how you want Amazon Route 53 to respond to DNS queries for a domain


Question: What is Amazon RDS Read Replicas?
Amazon RDS Read Replicas provide enhanced performance and durability for database which makes elastically scale out beyond the capacity constraints of a single DB instance for read-heavy database workloads.


You can create one or more replicas and serve high-volume application read traffic from multiple copies of your data.
Read replicas are available in Amazon RDS for MySQL, MariaDB, and PostgreSQL as well as Amazon Aurora.



Question: What is Amazon RDS Multi-AZ Deployments?
Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments provide enhanced availability and durability for Database (DB) Instances, making them a natural fit for production database workloads. When you provision a Multi-AZ DB Instance, Amazon RDS automatically creates a primary DB Instance and synchronously replicates the data to a standby instance in a different Availability Zone (AZ). Each AZ runs on its own physically distinct, independent infrastructure, and is engineered to be highly reliable.


Question: What AWS Key Management Service (KMS)?
KMS is a managed service where you can create and control the encryption keys used to encrypt your data, and uses FIPS 140-2 validated hardware security modules. KML is integrated with most other AWS services to help you protect the data you store with these services.


Question: What is difference between Amazon S3, EBS and EFS ?
Amazon S3: Amazon S3 stores data as objects. Each object in the storage contains a header with associated sequence of bytes from 0 byte to 5 TB.
EBS: EBS stores data as blocks of the same size and organizes as similar to a traditional file system, you can use it with EC2 instance.
EFS: EBS may be good for setting up a drive for virtual machines and and S3 is good for storage and EFS is good for both.

Amazon S3 Amazon EBS Amazon EFS
Can be publicly accessible
Web interface
Object Storage
Scalable
Slower than EBS and EFS
Accessible only via the given EC2 Machine
File System interface
Block Storage
Hardly scalable
Faster than S3 and EFS
Accessible via several EC2 machines and AWS services
Web and file system interface
Object storage
Scalable
Faster than S3, slower than EBS
Good for storing backups Is meant to be EC2 drive Good for shareable applications and workloads



Tuesday 17 July 2018

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 7

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 7

Question: What is Amazon EBS Snapshots?
You can back up the data on your Amazon EBS volumes to Amazon S3 at any point of time knows as snapshots.

Snapshots are incremental backups, which means that only the blocks on the device that have changed after your most recent snapshot are saved.

When you delete a snapshot, only the data unique to that snapshot is removed.
Each snapshot contains all of the information needed to restore your data.



Question: What is enhanced networking on Linux?
Enhanced networking uses single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) to provide high-performance networking capabilities on supported instance types. SR-IOV is a method of device virtualization that provides higher I/O performance and lower CPU utilization when compared to traditional virtualized network interfaces.



Question: What is Spot Instances?
A Spot Instance is an unused EC2 instance that is available for less than the On-Demand price.
Because Spot Instances enable you to request unused EC2 instances at steep discounts, you can lower your Amazon EC2 costs significantly.


The hourly price for a Spot Instance is called a Spot price.The Spot price of each instance type in each Availability Zone is set by Amazon EC2, and adjusted gradually based on the long-term supply of and demand for Spot Instances.Your Spot Instance runs whenever capacity is available and the maximum price per hour for your request exceeds the Spot price.



Question: What is Amazon elastic map reduce?
Amazon EMR processes "big data" across a Hadoop cluster of virtual servers on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3).


Question: What is the AWS Storage Gateway service?
The AWS Storage Gateway service enables hybrid storage between on-premises environments and the AWS Cloud.


Question: Difference between Gateway cached volume and stored volume?
In the cached mode, your primary data is written to S3, while retaining your frequently accessed data locally in a cache for low-latency.
Whereas in the stored mode, your primary data is stored locally and your entire dataset is available for low-latency access while asynchronously backed up to AWS.


Question: What protection was on AWS Storage Gateway?
All data transferred between any type of gateway appliance and AWS storage is encrypted using SSL.
data stored by AWS Storage Gateway in S3 is encrypted server-side with Amazon S3-Managed Encryption Keys (SSE-S3).


Question: What is file gateway?
AWS Storage Gateway service that provides your applications a file interface to seamlessly store files as objects in Amazon S3, and access them, using industry standard file protocols.


Question:What is Amazon kinesis?
Amazon Kinesis is collect and process large streams of data records in real time.
The processed records can be sent to dashboards, used to send alerts and advertising strategies, or send data to a variety of other AWS services.


Question: What are benefits of Amazon Kinesis?
  1. Kinesis Video Streams to capture, process, and store video streams for analytics and machine learning.
  2. Kinesis Data Streams to build custom applications that analyze data streams using popular stream processing frameworks.
  3. Kinesis Data Firehose to load data streams into AWS data stores.
  4. Kinesis Data Analytics to analyze data streams with SQL.



Question: What is IOPS?
IOPS is the standard unit of measurement for I/O (Input/Output) operations per second.


Question: Amazon EBS General Purpose (SSD) volume type?
Elastic Block storage(EBS) General purpose (SSD) is default volume in EC2.
It is suitable for application from small to medium-sized databases, development and test environments, and boot volumes.


Question: What is Aws Data Pipeline?
AWS Data Pipeline is a web service that you can use to automate the movement and transformation of data.
With AWS Data Pipeline, you can define data-driven workflows, so that tasks can be dependent on the successful completion of previous tasks.



Question: What is Amazon Machine Images (AMI)?
An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) provides the information required to launch an instance, which is a virtual server in the cloud.


Monday 16 July 2018

How to do SVN checkout in New EC2 instance

How to do SVN checkout in New EC2 instance


Step 1: Login to SSH

Login to Ec2 instance using public DNS (like ec2-54-173-191-129.compute-1.amazonaws.com)
For example:
ssh -i "arunkg.pem" ec2-user@ec2-54-173-191-129.compute-1.amazonaws.com



Step 2: Install the SVN

First you need to install the svn in EC2 instance.
sudo yum install mod_dav_svn subversion


(It will prompt to download the more data from internet, need to say yes)
Step 2: Do the SVN checkout
sudo svn checkout https://subversion.assembla.com/svn/mycityinfo/ mycity

here mycity is folder where all the files will download.


Step 2: Prompt the password for root
When it will promot for the root password, just press the enter key.


Step 3: Prompt the username/password of svn

You need to suply the username and password for assembla.com OR SVN.


Sunday 15 July 2018

How to create a new user to EC2 Instance in AWS?

How to create a new user to EC2 Instance in AWS?

Step 1: Login to SSH
Login to Ec2 instance using public DNS (like ec2-54-173-191-129.compute-1.amazonaws.com)
For example:
ssh -i "arunkg.pem" ec2-user@ec2-54-173-191-129.compute-1.amazonaws.com



Step 2: Use the following adduser command to add the newuser account to the system (with an entry in the /etc/passwd file).
sudo adduser newuser



Step 3:Switch to the new account so that newly created files have the proper ownership.
sudo su - newuser



Step 4 Create a folder and set the permission
mkdir .ssh
chmod 700 .ssh
cd .ssh



Step 5: Create a file named authorized_keys in the .ssh directory and change its file permissions to 600 (only the owner can read or write to the file).
touch authorized_keys
chmod 600 authorized_keys



Step 6: Open the authorized_keys and write public key in this.
vi authorized_keys

Paste the public key for your key pair into the file and save the changes.
For example:
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQClKsfkNkuSevGj3eYhCe53pcjqP3maAhDFcvBS7O6V
hz2ItxCih+PnDSUaw+WNQn/mZphTk/a/gU8jEzoOWbkM4yxyb/wB96xbiFveSFJuOp/d6RJhJOI0iBXr
lsLnBItntckiJ7FbtxJMXLvvwJryDUilBMTjYtwB+QhYXUMOzce5Pjz5/i8SeJtjnV3iAoG/cQk+0FzZ
qaeJAAHco+CY/5WrUBkrHmFJr6HcXkvJdWPkYQS3xqC0+FmUZofz221CBt5IMucxXPkX4rWi+z7wB3Rb
BQoQzd8v7yeb7OzlPnWOyN0qFU0XA246RA8QFYiCNYwI3f05p6KLxEXAMPLE




Question: How to remove a user?
sudo userdel -r newuser



How to install the Apache web server with PHP in EC2

How to install the Apache web server with PHP in EC2

Step 1: Login to SSH
Login to Ec2 instance using public DNS (like ec2-54-173-191-129.compute-1.amazonaws.com)
For example:
ssh -i "arunkg.pem" ec2-user@ec2-54-173-191-129.compute-1.amazonaws.com


In Window, you can use download putty and then login.
PuTTY does not support the private key format (.pem) generated by Amazon EC2. PuTTY has a tool named PuTTYgen, which can convert keys to the required PuTTY format (.ppk). You must convert your private key into this format (.ppk) before attempting to connect to your instance using PuTTY. (Note: You need to convert )


Step 2: Login as root usr
sudo su


Step 3: Update the server
yum update -y


Step 4: Install Apache, PHP and MySQL
yum install httpd php php-mysql stress -y


Step 5: Write something in index.php
cd /var/www/html //go to html folder
vi index.php //Write someting in index.php


Step 6: Start the service
service httpd start


Friday 13 July 2018

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 6

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 6

Question: What is Amazon Route 53?
Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable cloud Domain Name System (DNS) web service.


Question: What are main functions of Route 53?
  1. Register domain names: Your website needs a name, such as example.com. Route 53 lets you register a name for your website.
  2. Route internet traffic to the resources: Connect the domain with website source code.
  3. Check the health of your resources: Route 53 sends automated requests over the internet to a resource, such as a web server, to verify that it's available .



Question: Elaborate the Working of Route 53?
;
See details


Question: What is Network ACLs?
A network access control list (ACL) is an optional layer of security for your VPC that acts as a firewall for controlling traffic in and out.


Question: What are basics of Network ACLs?
  1. Your VPC automatically comes with a modifiable default network ACL. By default, it allows all inbound and outbound IPv4 traffic and, if applicable, IPv6 traffic.
  2. You can create a custom network ACL and associate it with a subnet. By default, each custom network ACL denies all inbound and outbound traffic until you add rules.
  3. Each subnet in your VPC must be associated with a network ACL. If you don't explicitly associate a subnet with a network ACL, the subnet is automatically associated with the default network ACL
  4. You can associate a network ACL with multiple subnets
  5. A network ACL has separate inbound and outbound rules, and each rule can either allow or deny traffic



Question: What is Amazon EC2 Security Groups?
A security group acts as a virtual firewall that controls the traffic for one or more instances.
When you launch an instance, you associate one or more security groups with the instance. You add rules to each security group that allow traffic to or from its associated instances.


Question: What are difference between security group and network ACL?


  1. Network Access control lists are applicable at the subnet level, so any instance in the subnet with an associated NACL will follow rules of NACL. That's not the case with security groups, security groups has to be assigned explicitly to the instance.
  2. By default your default vpc, will have a default Network Access Control List which would allow all traffic , both inbound and outbound.
  3. NACLs are stateless unlike security groups. Security groups are statefull ,if you add an inbound rule say for port 80, it is automatically allowed out, meaning outbound rule for that particular port need not be explicitly added. But in NACLs you need to provide explicit inbound and outbound rules



Question: Name the several layers of Cloud Computing.?
  1. PaaS: Platform as a Service
  2. IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service
  3. SaaS: Software as a Service



Question: What are the components involved in Amazon Web Services?
Amazon S3 : with this, one can retrieve the key information which are occupied in creating cloud structural design and amount of produced information also can be stored in this component that is the consequence of the key specified.
Amazon SimpleDB : helps in storing the transitional position log and the errands executed by the consumers.
Amazon SQS : this component acts as a mediator between different controllers. Also worn for cushioning requirements those are obtained by the manager of Amazon.
Amazon EC2 instance : helpful to run a large distributed system on the Hadoop cluster. Automatic parallelization and job scheduling can be achieved by this component.


Question: Name the various layers of the cloud architecture?
  1. CC- Cluster Controller
  2. SC- Storage Controller
  3. CLC- Cloud Controller
  4. Walrus
  5. NC- Node Controller



Thursday 5 July 2018

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 5

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 5

Question: What is difference between stored volumes vs cached volumes?
Volume gateway provides an iSCSI target, which enables you to create volumes and mount them as iSCSI devices from your on-premises or EC2 application servers. The volume gateway runs in either a cached or stored mode.


In the cached mode, your primary data is written to S3, while retaining your frequently accessed data locally in a cache for low-latency access.

In the stored mode, your primary data is stored locally and your entire dataset is available for low-latency access while asynchronously backed up to AWS.


Question: What is VPC flow logs?
VPC Flow Logs is a feature that enables you to capture information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in your VPC.


Question: Where VPC flow logs are stored?
Flow log data is stored using Amazon CloudWatch Logs.


Question: What does do VPC flow logs?
to troubleshoot why specific traffic is not reaching an instance, which in turn helps you diagnose overly restrictive security group rules.
You can also use flow logs as a security tool to monitor the traffic that is reaching your instance.


Question: What are five pillars of AWS Well-Architected?
  1. Security
  2. Reliability
  3. Performance
  4. Cost optimization
  5. Performance Excellence



Question: What is Placement Group?
Placement Group is a logical grouping of instances within a single Availability Zone (AZ) that enables applications to participate in a low-latency, 10 Gbps network. You create a placement group first, and then you can launch instances in the placement group.

Question: What is CNAME record?
CNAME record is a type of DNS record that maps an alias name. CNAME records are typically used to map a subdomain such as www or mail to the domain hosting that subdomain's content.


Question: What is Alias record?
An ALIAS record is a virtual record that we create to provide CNAME-like behavior on apex domains.
For example, if your domain is example.com and you want it to point to a myapp.herokuapp.com, then you cannot use a CNAME record, but you can use an ALIAS record.


Question: What is difference between CNAME Records and Alias Records?
Route 53 charges for CNAME queries whereas does not charge for Alias Records.


Question: What is difference between aws Scale up vs scale out?
Scaling up: when you change the instance types within your Auto Scaling Group to a higher type (for example, changing an instance from a m4.large to a m4.xlarge), scaling down is to do the reverse.
Scaling out: is when you add more instances to your Auto Scaling Group and scaling in is when you reduce the number of instances in your Auto Scaling Group.


Question: What is Amazon Kinesis Data Streams?
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams enables you to build custom applications that process or analyze streaming data for specialized needs.


Question: What is AWS Direct Connect?
AWS Direct Connect makes it easy to establish a dedicated network connection from your premises to AWS.


Thursday 7 June 2018

AWS Machine Learning - Understanding

AWS Machine Learning - Understanding

Question: What is AWS sagemaker?
Amazon SageMaker is a fully-managed platform that enables developers and data scientists to quickly and easily build, train, and deploy machine learning models at any scale.


Question: What is AWS Comprehend?
Amazon Comprehend allows us to analyze unstructured text within search, chat, and documents to understand intent and sentiment.

Question: What is AWS deeplens?
A machine learning technique that uses neural networks to learn and make predictions - through computer vision projects, tutorials, and real world, hands-on exploration with a physical device.


Question: What is AWS Lex?
Amazon Lex is an AWS service for building conversational interfaces for applications using voice and text. Now developer use Alexa with deeplens.


Question: What is AWS polly?
Amazon Polly is a cloud service that converts text into lifelike speech.


Question: What is AWS Rekognition?
Amazon Rekognition is an image analysis service available.


Question: What is AWS transcribe?
Amazon Transcribe is an automatic speech recognition (ASR) service that makes it easy for developers to add speech-to-text capability to their applications.


Question: What is AWS translate?
Amazon Translate translates documents from the following six languages into English, and from english into these languages:
  1. Arabic
  2. Simplified Chinese
  3. French
  4. German
  5. Portuguese
  6. Spanish



Wednesday 9 May 2018

How to backup of wordpress into S3?

How to backup of wordpress into S3?

Question: How to Store the backup of wordpress into S3?
aws s3 cp /var/www/html s3://website-bucket-akg/wordpress/ --recursive



Question: How to upload images in S3?
 aws s3 cp --recursive /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads s3://cloud-front-s3/wp-media



Question: How to Upload images to S3 Sync?
Lets test with --dryrun, first
aws s3 sync --delete /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads s3://cloud-front-s3/wp-media --dryrun


Now Run the command
aws s3 sync --delete /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads s3://cloud-front-s3/wp-media



Question: How to sync the images with S3 with help of cron?
*/3 * * * * aws s3 sync --delete /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads s3://cloud-front-s3/wp-media >> /var/www/html/cron/cron.log 2>&1

It run every 3 mins.


Wednesday 25 April 2018

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 4


Question: Difference between Amazon ec2 and AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
Amazon ec2EC2 is Amazon's service that allows you to create a server (AWS calls these instances) in the AWS cloud.


Elastic Beanstalk: Elastic Beanstalk is one layer of abstraction away from the EC2 layer.
Elastic Beanstalk number will have number of EC2 instances, an optional database, as well as a few other AWS components such as a Elastic Load Balancer, Auto-Scaling Group, Security Group.


Question: How can we clone of EC2 Instance?
You can make an AMI of an existing instance, and then launch number of instances using that AMI.


Question: How to copy files OR folder From one bucket to another?
aws s3 cp s3://source_folder/ s3://destination_folder/ 



Question: How to rename file present in Amazon S3?
aws s3 cp s3://source_folder/image.png s3://source_folder/newName.png



Question: What is Burstable Performance Instances?
AWS EC2 has 2 different type of instances.

A) Fixed Performance Instances(e.g. M3, C3 etc)
B) Burstable Performance Instances (e.g. T2).

Fixed Performance Instances provides a consistent CPU performance whereas Burstable Performance Instances provide a baseline CPU performance.

When the workload increased in Burstable Performance Instances, Burstable Performance Instances have the ability to burst, i.e. increase the CPU performance.



Question: What is CPU Credit Balance in EC2?
CPU Credit regulates the amount CPU burst of an instance.
CPU Credit Balance is simply the amount of "CPU Credit available" in your account at any moment.


Question: How to rename AWS S3 Bucket name?
You can not rename a bucket name. But you can do following.
1. Create new bucket
2. Copy all items from old bucket to this new bucket.
3. Delete the old bucket.

You can do above with commands also
aws s3 mb s3://[new-bucket]
aws s3 sync s3://[old-bucket] s3://[new-bucket]
aws s3 rb --force s3://[old-bucket]



Question: How do I increase the EBS volume size of a running instance?
Not possible to increase the size of an Amazon EBS root device storage volume while the Amazon EC2 instance is running.


Question: What is a TTL 0 in CloudFront useful for?
Full form of TTL is Time-To-Live.

When you set the TTL for a particular origin to 0, CloudFront will still cache the content.
It will then make a GET request with an If-Modified-Since header, thereby giving the origin a chance to signal that CloudFront can continue to use the cached content.


Question: What is difference between a snapshot and AMI?
Full form of AMI is An Amazon Machine Image.

AMI is an encrypted machine image of a specific computer running an operating system that is configured and that it can contain a set of applications and services for accomplishing a specific purpose.

An AMI contains all the information necessary to start up and run the software in the image.
You can take a snapshot of an EBS boot volume and turn it into an EBS boot AMI by registering it with the appropriate metadata.

Question: How much Cost of storing AMI?
Charged for the storage is very small(Charge for only storage), there are no charges for creating an AMI in AWS Account.


Question: How to upgrade AWS CLI to the latest version?
pip install --upgrade awscli

OR
pip3 install --upgrade awscli



Question: What are the limit to objects in a S3 bucket?
Write, read, and delete objects containing from 0 byte to 5 terabytes.
The number of objects you can store is unlimited.


Question: What is the maximum length of a filename in S3?
These names are the object keys. The name for a key is a sequence of Unicode characters whose UTF-8 encoding is at most 1024 bytes long.


Question: What is Amazon Polly?
Amazon Polly is a service that turns text into speech.

With use of this service you can create applications like talk, and build entirely new categories of speech-enabled products.
Amazon Polly is a Text-to-Speech service that uses advanced deep learning technologies to synthesize speech that sounds like a human voice.


Question: What is VPC Peering?
Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) enables you to launch Amazon Web Services (AWS) resources into a virtual network that you've defined.

A VPC peering connection is a networking connection between two VPCs that enables you to route traffic between them using private IPv4 addresses or IPv6 addresses.


Friday 13 April 2018

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 3

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 3

Question: What are routing table?
A routing table is a set of rules, is used to determine where data packets will be directed over the internet protocol. Internet protocol will contain the necessary information.
Each packet contains information about its origin and destination.
When a packet is received, a network device examines the packet and matches it to the routing table for its destination.


  1. Destination: this is final destination.
  2. Next hop: The IP address to which the packet is forwarded
  3. Interface: The outgoing network interface the device should use when forwarding the packet
  4. Metric: Assigns a cost to each.
  5. Routes



Question: What is subnets in VPC?
A subnet is a range of IP addresses in your VPC.
You can launch AWS resources into a specified subnet.


Question: What is IAAS PAAS SAAS?
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), as the name suggests, provides you the computing infrastructure, physical or (quite often) virtual machines and other resources like virtual-machine disk image library, block and file-based storage, firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses, virtual local area networks etc.
Examples: Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, Rackspace, Google Compute Engine.

PaaS (Platform as a Service), as the name suggests, provides you computing platforms which typically includes operating system, programming language execution environment, database, web server etc.
Examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App Engine, Apache Stratos.

While in SaaS (Software as a Service) model you are provided with access to application software often referred to as "on-demand software". You don't have to worry about the installation, setup and running of the application. Service provider will do that for you. You just have to pay and use it through some client.
Examples: Google Apps, Microsoft Office 365.


Question: How to Pass query string to AWS lamba?
You can access Query String as below:
event['pathParameters']['param1']


You can access Header String as below:
event['requestContext']['identity']['userAgent']
event['requestContext']['identity']['sourceIP']



Question: How to Make all S3 object public?
Now go to your AWS S3 console, At the bucket level, click on Properties, Expand Permissions, then Select Add bucket policy.
Following are Generate Policy.
{
  "Id": "Policy1397632521960",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "Stmt1397633323327",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject"
      ],
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::bucketnm/*",
      "Principal": {
        "AWS": [
          "*"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}



Question: Can't ping AwS ec2 instance. How to Fix?
Add a new EC2 security group inbound rule:
Type: Custom ICMP rule
Protocol: Echo Request
Port: N/A
Source: your choice (I would select Anywhere to be able to ping from any machine)


Question: Why to use S3?
Amazon S3 is designed for large-capacity, low-cost file storage in one specific geographical region.* The storage and bandwidth costs are quite low.

Amazon CloudFront is a Content Delivery Network (CDN) which proxies and caches web data at edge locations as close to users as possible.


Question: How to download entire S3 bucket?
Execute following command from Console.
aws s3 sync s3://mybucket .



Wednesday 28 March 2018

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 2

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 2

Question: What Is AWS Media Services?
AWS Media Services are a family of fully-managed services that make it easy to build reliable, broadcast-quality video workflows in the Cloud.


Question: What Is Amazon Simple Notification Service(SNS)?
Amazon Simple Notification Service is a notification service provided by AWS.
It provides a low-cost infrastructure for the mass delivery of messages, predominantly to mobile users.
It can send notification for below
  1. Mobile Push Notifications
  2. SMS
  3. Email
  4. Http/Https
  5. SQS
  6. Lambda functions



Question: What Is Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)?
Amazon Simple Queue Service message queuing service that makes it easy to decouple and scale microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications.
With SQS you can send, store, and receive messages between software components without losing messages to be always available.


Question: What Is Amazon SWF?
Amazon SWF helps developers build, run, and scale background jobs that have parallel or sequential steps.


Question: What is CloudFormation?
AWS CloudFormation provides a common language to describe and provision all the infrastructure resources in your cloud environment.
It allows you to use a simple text file to model and provision, in an automated and secure manner, all the resources needed for your applications across all regions.


Question: What are difference between cloudtrail and cloudwatch?
CloudTrail:
  1. It helps to visibility into your user and resource activity by recording AWS API calls.
  2. Used to log the API calls across your AWS infrastructure.
  3. it keeps the history of API calls of your account, AWS Management console, AWS SDKs, command line tools, and every other AWS services etc.

CloudWatch:
  1. it monitoring service for AWS cloud resources and the applications you run on AWS
  2. Collect and track metrics.
  3. System-wide visibility into resource utilization, application performance, and operational health.



Question: What is Sagemaker?
We use Sagemaker to Build, train, and deploy machine learning models & algorithms at scale.


Question: What is Amazon athena?
Amazon Athena is a serverless, interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze big data in S3 using standard SQL.


Question: What is System manager?
AWS Systems Manager gives you visibility and control of your infrastructure on AWS.


Question: What is Amazon EMR?
Amazon EMR provides a managed Hadoop framework that makes it easy, fast, and cost-effective to process vast amounts of data across dynamically scalable Amazon EC2 instances.


Question: What is Amazon CloudSearch?
Amazon CloudSearch is a fully-managed search service in the AWS Cloud that lets you easily integrate fast and highly scalable search functionality into your apps.


Question: What is Amazon Kinesis?
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams enables you to build custom applications that process or analyze streaming data for specialized needs.


Question: What is Amazon QuickSight?
Amazon QuickSight is a fast, cloud-powered business analytics service that makes it easy to build visualizations, perform ad-hoc analysis, and quickly get business insights from your data


Question: What does an AWS Region consist of?
An independent collection of AWS computing resources in a defined geography.


Question: What is Elastic Map Reduce?
Amazon EMR processes big data across a Hadoop cluster of virtual servers on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3).


Question: How to Install AWS command line in Winows
  1. Download the installer from https://aws.amazon.com/cli/
  2. After download, install the software in windows.
  3. Now, Go to windows command line.
  4. In command prompt type
     aws configure
     
    It will ask AWS access key, and Secret key.
  5. for Region Name and Default format just enter key.



Question: How to configure Aws in console?
aws configure

Question: How to get list configured aws account?
aws configure list



Question: How to list name of all the bucket?
aws s3 ls



Question: How to list all the files in S3 Bucket?
aws s3 ls s3://mybucket



Question: How to list all the files recursively in S3 Bucket?
aws s3 ls s3://mybucket --recursive


v Question: How to Rename a file?
aws s3 mv s3://mybucket/filename.png  s3://mybucket/newname.png 



Question: What is EBS?
Full form of EBS is Amazon Elastic Block Store.
It provides persistent block storage volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances in the AWS Cloud.


Question: What is EFS?
Full form of EBS is Amazon Elastic File System .
It provides provides simple, scalable file storage for use with Amazon EC2 instances.
EFS offers a simple interface that allows you to create and configure file systems quickly and easily.
It growing and shrinking automatically as you add and remove files. You can use this in shared.


Question: AWS command to Describe the EC2 instances?
aws ec2 describe-instances



Question: AWS command to Describe the Start EC2 instances?
aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids i-1348636c



Question: AWS command to sync the myfolder with S3 bucket in recursive?
aws s3 cp myfolder s3://mybucket/myfolder --recursive

It will move local files to S3 bucket(if does not exist in bucket)


Question: AWS command to sync the myfolder with S3 bucket in recursive but exclude the temp file?
aws s3 cp myfolder s3://mybucket/myfolder --recursive

It will move local files to S3 bucket(if does not exist in bucket)

Monday 19 March 2018

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 1

AWS Tutorial Terminology page 1

Question: what is lightsail in AWS?
Lightsail is designed to be the easiest way to launch and manage a virtual private server(VPS) with AWS.
With Amazon Lightsail, you can deploy a VPS with just a few clicks using preconfigured templates for your favorite Linux distribution application.


Question: What is Amazon Elastic Container Service?
Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) is a highly scalable, fast, container management service that makes it easy to run, stop, and manage Docker containers on a cluster.

Amazon ECS lets you launch and stop container-based applications with simple API calls.


Question: What are Features of Amazon ECS?
  1. Cost-efficient
  2. Improved Compatibility
  3. More Secure



Question: What is Lambda?
AWS Lambda is a compute service that lets you run code without managing servers.
AWS Lambda executes your code only when needed and scales automatically, from a few requests per day to thousands per second.


Question: What is Elastic beanstack?
AWS Elastic Beanstalk makes it even easier for developers to quickly deploy and manage applications in the AWS Cloud.


Question: What is Amazon CloudWatch?
Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring service for cloud resources and the applications.


Question: What is Amazon CloudTrail?
AWS CloudTrail is a web service that records AWS API calls for your account and delivers log files to you.


Question: What is Amazon Autoscaling?
An AWS service that can launch Amazon EC2 instances automatically as per traffic and stop the EC2 instances when traffic decrease.


Question: What is AWS CloudFormation?
AWS CloudFormation is a service that helps you model and set up your AWS resources so that you can spend less time managing resources and more time focusing on your applications.


Question: What is Amazon OpsWorks?
AWS OpsWorks is a configuration management service that helps you configure and operate applications in a cloud.


Question: What is AWS Service Catalog?
AWS Service Catalog allows organizations to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS.


Question: What is AWS Trusted Advisor?
It is Web Service which monitor your account and gives suggestions regarding below:

1) Security
2) Cost Optimization
3) Performance
4) Fault Tolerance
5) Service Limits



Question: What is AWS Managed Service Provider?
AWS Managed Service Provider (MSP) Partners are skilled at cloud infrastructure/application migration, and deliver value to customers by offering proactive monitoring, automation, and management.


Question: What is AWS EFS?
Amazon EFS provides simple, scalable file storage for use with Amazon EC2 instances in the AWS Cloud.
Amazon EFS, storage capacity is elastic, growing and shrinking automatically as you add and remove files.


Question: What is Amazon Glacier?
Amazon Glacier is an online file storage web service that provides storage for data archiving and backup. this is very-ver cheap as compare to S3 and EFS but it is not available everytime.
When you request for data in Amazon Glacier, data will available after 3-4 hours.


Question: What is Storage Gateway?
AWS Storage Gateway is a hybrid storage service that enables your on-premises applications to seamlessly use AWS cloud storage.
You can use for archiving and backup, recovery, cloud bursting, storage tiering, and migration.




Question: What is Elastic transcoder?
Amazon Elastic Transcoder lets you convert media files that stored in S3 into media files in the formats required by client devices.
For example
You have upload the audio file in AWS S3, you can play the audio in all the application (IOS/Android).


Question: What is Amazon Kinesis Video Streams?
Amazon Kinesis Video Streams makes it easy to securely stream video from connected devices to AWS for analytics, machine learning and other processing.


Question: What are Benefits of Kinesis Video Streams?
  1. Stream video from millions of edge devices
  2. Easily build vision-enabled apps
  3. Secure
  4. Durable, Searchable storage
  5. No infrastructure to manage
  6. Build both real-time and batch applications



Question: What is ElastiCache?
ElastiCache is a web service that makes it easy to set up, manage, and scale a distributed in-memory data store or cache environment in the cloud.


Question: What is AWS MFA?
Full form of MFA is Multi-Factor Authentication.
MFA adds an extra layer of protection on top of your username and password in Login.




Question: What Is IAM? - AWS Identity and Access Management?
Full form of IAM is AWS Identity and Access management.
IAM would have following component
  1. IAM Groups: An IAM group is a collection of IAM users.
  2. IAM Users: A user which is going to use access the credentials.
  3. IAM Roles: An IAM role is very similar to a user but does not have credentials.An IAM user can assume a role to temporarily take on different permissions for a specific task.
  4. Temporary Credentials: Temporary credentials are primarily used with IAM roles. User can request temporary credentials that have a more restricted set of permissions than your standard IAM user.



Question: What are IAM roles?
IAM roles are a secure way to grant permissions to entities that you trust.


Question: Question: What is ARN?
An Amazon Resource Name (ARN) is a file naming convention used to identify a particular resource in the Amazon Web Services (AWS).
ARNs, which are specific to AWS, help an administrator track and use AWS items and policies across AWS products and API calls.


Question: Question: Difference between Scaling up and Scaling out?
Scaling up is when you change the instance types within your Auto Scaling Group to a higher type (for example: changing an instance from a m4.large to a m4.xlarge), scaling down is to do the reverse.
Scaling out is when you add more instances to your Auto Scaling Group and scaling in is when you reduce the number of instances in your Auto Scaling Group.


Question: Question: Difference between SNS and SQS?
Both are Messaging Services in AWS.
SNS is push type notification whereas SQS is Pull type notification.


Question: Question: What is Mounting?
Mounting is the act of associating a storage device to a particular location.


Question: How to get the URL of meta data?
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/


Question: What is Load balancing?
Load balancing distributes incoming application traffic and scales resources to meet traffic demands.


Question: How does Load balancing works?
The load balancer serves as a single point(e.g www.example.com) for clients, which increases the availability of your application.
You can add and remove instances (application server) from your load balancer as your needs change, without disrupting the overall flow of requests.
Question: From where we can Accessing Elastic Load Balancing?
  1. AWS Management Console
  2. AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)
  3. AWS SDKs
  4. Query API



Question: What are different type of Load balancer?
  1. Application Load Balancers
  2. Network Load Balancers
  3. Classic Load Balancers.



Question: What is Application Load Balancers?
We use Application Load Balancer for your web applications with HTTP and HTTPS traffic.
Operating at the request level, Application Load Balancers provide advanced routing, TLS termination and visibility features targeted at application architectures, including microservices and containers.


Question: What is Network Load Balancer?
We use Network Load Balancer for ultra-high performance and static IP addresses for your application.
Operating at the connection level, Network Load Balancers are capable of handling millions of requests per second while maintaining ultra-low latencies.


Question: What is Classic Load Balancer?
We use Classic Load Balancer for existing application running in the EC2-Classic network.