AES Encryption and Decryption in PHP See example

Question: What is AES encryption?
Advanced Encryption Standard is a specification for the encryption of data established by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) in 2001.


Question: What are different key sizes availbles?

1. 128 bits
2. 192 bits
3. 256 bits

Question: How AES encryption works?
AES comprises three block ciphers i.e AES-128, AES-192 and AES-256. Each cipher encrypts and decrypts data in blocks of 128 bits using cryptographic keys of 128-bits, 192-bits and 256-bits, respectively. Secret-key ciphers use the same key for encrypting and decrypting. In this encryption method works three times faster in software than DES.


Question: Write a Function to encrypt/decrypt?

function encrypt_string($string = '', $salt = '8638FD63E6CC16872ACDED6CE49E5A270ECDE1B3B938B590E547138BB7F120EA') {
    $key = pack('H*', $salt);    
    $iv_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC);
    $iv = mcrypt_create_iv($iv_size, MCRYPT_RAND);
    $ciphertext = mcrypt_encrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, $key, $string, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $iv);
    return base64_encode($iv . $ciphertext);
}

function decrypt_string($encodedText = '', $salt = '8638FD63E6CC16872ACDED6CE49E5A270ECDE1B3B938B590E547138BB7F120EA') {
    $key = pack('H*', $salt);
    $ciphertext_dec = base64_decode($encodedText);
    $iv_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC);
    $iv_dec = substr($ciphertext_dec, 0, $iv_size);
    $ciphertext_dec = substr($ciphertext_dec, $iv_size);
    return mcrypt_decrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, $key, $ciphertext_dec, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $iv_dec);
}
/** Encoded Decoded with 256 bits * */
$encodedText = encrypt_string('hello');
echo decrypt_string($encodedText);

Question: How to encrypt/decrypt a string using 192 bits?

/** Encoded Decoded with 192 bits * */
$encodedText  = encrypt_string('hello', '8638FD63E6CC16872ACDED6CE49E5A270ECDE1B3B938B590');
echo decrypt_string($encodedText , '8638FD63E6CC16872ACDED6CE49E5A270ECDE1B3B938B590');

Question: How to encrypt/decrypt a string using 128 bits?

/** Encoded Decoded with 128 bits * */
$encodedText  = encrypt_string('hello', '8638FD63E6CC16872ACDED6CE49E5A27');
echo decrypt_string($encodedText , '8638FD63E6CC16872ACDED6CE49E5A27');

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